Pile wire



Nov. 6, 1934. M. B. BEHRMAN FILE WIRE Filed Nov. 17, 1932 11v VENTOR Mm)0. am

A TTORNEY Patented Nov. 6, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PILE WIREMarcus B. Behrman, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to Lox Seal Gorpor-ation,Brooklyn, N. Y., a cor- .poration ofiNew York .Thisinvention relates topile wire blade holders, and has moreparticularrelation to theconstruction of a holder for the retention of a wafer blade.

Efficient pile cutter design has become concentrated upon a type inwhich a holder, secured to or made a part of .a pile wire, retainsacutting edge which isa part of a wafer blade, removable ,from orreplaceable in the holder. Such blades and holders require that theblade -may be assembled readily in, and then be retained positively by,the holderunder substantially .all circumstances of use. The holderitself, by the requirements :of its use, must be of simple construction,without expensive process of manu-, facture, and finally it must bepositive and -efficient'in its'operation. The holder mustpermit assemblyof the blade therewith-by a simple operation, and thereafter .mustretain the blade seated against any appreciable movement. The holderitself must be slim and light to permit its penetration through.theseparated warps forming the loops for the pile; in spite of itsslimness, the blade holder must-havethe. strength necessary for itssuccessfulpassage through, and its subjection ,to the stresses of, themany operations to which thisdevice will be subjected.

It is an object of the invention to provide a blade iholder capable ofbeing made .as a substantially unitary construction from a single piece,or from a plurality of pieces, of material, whereby, in'the finalconstruction, the location of the blade in a predetermined, fixedrelationship to the holder is assured, while thebody of the holder iscapable of being reduced in its extent to dimensions which willeliminate any reasonable possibility of interference with the properoperation of the pile wire. The portions of the holder designed fortheretention of the blade are maderigid and incapable of'being deformedby insertion or removal of theblade from the holder, and also to presenta solid base against which the blade may react when being forced throughthe threadsinthe cutting operation.

Blades for use in such holders .are .generally provided as tapering,fiat members, one of the edges of thetapering portion of the body beingsharpened. The blade may, if desired, end .up at the reduced endxinasquared-offedge .or in a point. Inteither case the thin, vflat blade :isintended .to be received in'agroove in the holder, the grooveterminating in .a recessprovidin'g an overhang beneath which the reducedend of the blade isreicei-ved to'be-retained'thereby againstvertical-movement and movement in one direction along the holder. Theother end of the blade may be given any, particular shaping which, whenengaged by ,a complementary surface on the holder, will provide meansfor preventing vertical movement of thatend of the blade and alsomovement of :the blade in the other direction with relation to theholder. In the particular structure shown and described herein theshaping takes the form of an L-shaped shoulder.

For the purposes of this invention, an abutment is integrally formed onthe holder to be engaged by this shoulder, whereby the blade. onceseated in'the holder with the reduced edge beneath theoverhang and theshoulder beneath theabutment, will be retained against any movement.

Such a holder is generally made by subjecting a 'metal blank to variousstrains and stresses during the forming operations necessary to .definethe groove, its terminating recessand the overhang, all ,of which maychangethedimensionsof the :blank .to such degree ,as to :make itinadvisable andeven undesirable to form or locate theabutment before theoverhang and the groove have been definitely constructed. It is anobjectof the invention to provide a method of forming blade holders of thischaracter in which the locations of the blade abutting portions on theholder are separately determined,

and one of them, more particularly the abutment, is located after thepositionof the other has become fixed, such location of the abutmentbeing then effected with relation :to the fixed location of the otherblade abutting portion.

Other objects of this invention will hereinafter be set .forth, or willbe apparent fromthev description and thedrawing, in whichisillustrated-an embodiment of a device, and of its condition at variousstages of its manufacture, carrying out the invention.

The invention, however, is not intended to be restricted to anyparticular construction or arrangement of parts, or to any particularapplication of such construction, .or to any specific method ofoperation, or toany of the various: steps ordetails thereof, hereinshown .and describedas the same'may bemodified invarious particulars or.be applied in many varied relations without departingfrom' thespiritand scope of r the claimed invention, thepractical embodimentshereinillustrated and described merely showingsome of the various formsandmodifications in which the inventionmight be embodied.

For the attainment of these objects and of such other objects as mayhereinafter appear or be pointed out, I have illustrated an embodimentof my invention in the drawing wherein the same reference charactersrefer to the same parts throughout and wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan View of one form of a blank which may be used in theproduction of a holder of the type specified as embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 illustrates the blank after one stage of the forming process;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 3-3 of the holder shown inFig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of a finished holder embodying theinvention;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the holder of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a detail of the holder in Fig. 4.

In the manufacture of pile wire holders of the type intended to bedefined herein, sheet metal blanks 10, either in the nature of stampingsor portions otherwise formed, are intended to be used. In the disclosurehere, these blanks are intended to be bent along a suitable line, tobring adjacent faces together so that indentations in such faces will becaused to mate and form a groove. It is to be understood, however, that,within certain limitations of the invention, the body of the bladeholder 12 may be constructed not necessarily from a single blank 10, butfrom a plurality of blanks retained together in any suitable manner, as,for instance, by spot welding.

As will be noted from Fig. 1, the stamping has peculiar contouring atits forward end 14 to define an entering edge 16, commonly known in theart as the spoon. An irregular edge 18 is also defined, the formation ofthe edge being for a purpose to be defined further.

Either as a step separate from, or occurring simultaneously with, thestamping of blank 10, depressed surfaces 20 and 22 are formed adjacentedges 24 and 26 of the blank. As can be seen from Fig. 2, thesedepressed surfaces have boundary edges 28 and 30, substantially parallelto the respective edges 24 and 26. Walls 32 of the surfaces extend at anangle to the respective edges 24 and 28, and 26 and 30. When the blankis bent along line 34, and the adjacent faces of the blank are broughtinto contact, there will be produced an overhang 36 beneath which thepointed end 38 of a tapered blade 40 may be seated.

The depressed surfaces 20 and 22 may be formed, in one case, as part ofthe bending operation; in such case, the two sections 42 and 44 of theblank are brought into face to face relationship, and the edges 24 and26 brought into coincidence. At this time, a die would have beenpositioned between the opposed faces; by rolling the metal against thedie, the depressed surfaces are formed. Thereafter, on removal of thedie, the depressed surfaces will cooperate to form a groove 46 with theoverhang 36 defining one end thereof.

By the formation of the depressed surfaces and the cut-off character ofedge 18, groove 46 will terminate substantially short of the spoon. Instructure of that character, blade 40 may be readily inserted intogroove 46, and the pointed end 38 made to seat beneath the overhang.

The blade, for use in this relationship, is of substantially customaryconstruction, having a tapering formation, one of the converging edgesbeing sharpened to provide a cutting edge 48. The converging edges mayterminate in a pointed end 38, or the end of the blade may be cut offshort of a point to form a slightly squared end. In

either case, the other converging edge 50 is intended to be disposed,when the blade is finally assembled in the holder, so that edge 48 issustained to provide an inclined cutting edge rising in a directionopposite to the movement of the holder in cutting.

To retain the large end 52 of the blade against movement, and thus, inconjunction with the seating of the end 38 beneath the overhang 36, toanchor the blade against any movement, an abutment 54 is positioned on,and made a part of that portion of the holder constituting the spoon. Itis sufiiciently removed from the groove to permit entrance of the bladeinto the groove by proper flexing, without necessarily positioning theabutment on the curving face '76 of the holder. The abutment takes theform of a solid metallic portion, substantially integral with the metalof the blank. Since the broad end 52 of the blade is contoured toinclude a shoulder 56, the abutment is formed with an edge 58 conformingclosely to the shaping of shoulder 56. Likewise, a wall 60 is provided,against which the vertical portion 62 of edge 52 may abut when the bladeis assembled in the holder.

The formation of this abutment preferably is effected by welding to theblank, immediately adjacent the spoon, an additional metallic portion64, although the indentation of the metal of the spoon to form anembossed, unbroken surface, connected at substantially all points of itsedges to the metal of the spoon, has also been contemplated. In eithercase, the raised surface is to be part and parcel of the holder, andincapable of being flexed away from the holder, or of having any suchsimilar force applied thereto which would cause change in therelationship, once set, of holder and abutment. The location of theraised surface thus formed may be determined in any desired manner. Itsformation or application and location take place, in accordance withcertain phases of the invention, after the blank has been subjected toall the bending and forming steps, and the blank has arrivedsubstantially at the status of Fig. 2, in which case, the location ofthe overhang 36 and of the shoulder '78 have been definitely determinedand fixed. The metallic portion 64 is located in a definitepredetermined location by its contact with shoulder '78, and is thenpermanently fastened in place, as by welding.

As is to be seen in Fig. 4, the cutting edge 48, when the blade isassembled in the holder and by reason of the construction of blade andgroove, assumes a relationship in which it is disposed at an acute anglewith the direction of movement of the holder, which is substantiallythat of the extent of the body 66 of the holder. The purpose of this iswell understood in this art and needs no explanation here. By thisstructure, a portion of the cutting edge 48 is disposed above edges 24and 26, and the foremost portion 68 of the edge is smoothly integratedinto the spoon edge so that, in the movement of the holder in eitherdirection, no sharp corners are encountered by the threads to be out.

By the disposition of abutment 54 with relation to edge 18, a groove '70is formed through which blade end 38 may be inserted into groove 46.When, by flexing the blade properly, it is forced rearwardly to bringthe end under, and finally into abutment with, the overhang, theshoulder 56 on the blade will slip beneath the abutment and servepositively to retain the blade against movement out of this associatedrelationship. When so assembled, the elasticity of the blade willfunction to retain the blade flat within the groove in thatrelationship.

While a particular type of blade has been shown in this drawing and isherein described, the invention may be consummated in certain of itsdetails by an abutment and a blade edge formed to interlocksubstantially in the same manner and degree, although not shaped in thesame manner. The bottom wall 72 of the groove 46 provides one stop forthe blade, while the overhang 36 and the abutment restrain movement ofthe blade in all other directions. Since the position of the abutment isdetermined after the position of the overhang has been determined, theaccuracy of the arrangement is complete. Blades may be assembled andremoved, whenever necessary and as desired, for replacement or repair.The assembly or removal of the blade does not, in any way, affect theholder, the parts of which are all firmly related to each other.

After the holder itself has been formed by bending the blank, or bybringing the blanks into associated relation, the opposed faces may beretained in association by spot welding. Then the abutment may beapplied. The holder then is reduced in cross-section and, after its endedge 74 is welded to a pile wire, of which it then becomes an integralpart, the entire arrangement may be polished to reduce its friction inmoving through the sheds.

Many other changes could be effected in the particular apparatusdesigned, and in the methods of operation set forth, and in specificsteps or details thereof, without substantially departing from theinvention intended to be defined in the claims, the specific descriptionherein being merely illustrative of operative embodiments carrying outthe spirit of the invention.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claimas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. In a pile wire bodyformation, a holder for retaining rigidly yet removably a pile cuttingblade, the holder being formed from a metallic blank having two wings,one of the wings being longer than the other, the wings being folded anddisposed in juxtaposed relation and having the additional length of theone wing extending at one I end of the holder, said wings, when sodisposed,

defining a slot for receiving the blade, the slot having an overhang atthe end removed from the wing extension to receive the end of the bladepointing in the direction the pile wire takes in its cutting movement,one of the wings being formed with a depression bounded by shoulders atthe other end of the slot to permit the blade to be slid into positionin the slot, and a rigid stop plate immovably positioned on the wingextension and forming an abutment to prevent movement of the blade outof the slot when the pile wire is drawn in the cutting movement, theposition of said stop plate being determined by I the shoulders of thesaid depressions.

2. In the manufacture of pile wire guiding pieces for retaining areplaceable wafer blade, the step or steps of forming a metallic blankhaving a pair of parallel edges, one of the edges being longer than theother to form a projection from the plate, bending the blank to bringthe two parallel edges together and flattening the bent portions againsteach other while at the same time forming depressions therein bounded byshoulders, so as to form a slot, and securing to the projection withinthe depression thereon and adjacent to a shoulder thereof, a metallicportion to provide an abutment defining with the end of the otherbent-over portion of a blank a blade entering passage.

3. In the manufacture of pile wire guiding pieces for retaining areplaceable wafer blade, the step or steps of forming a metallic blankhaving a pair of parallel edges, one of the edges being longer than theother to form a projection from the plate, bending the blank to bringthe two parallel edges together and flattening the bent portions againsteach other, forming on the projection a shoulder rigid with theprojection, locating an abutment member by placing it against saidshoulder and securing it permanently to said projection in said locatedposition, said abutment member defining with the adjacent edge of theother bent-over portion of the blank a blade entering passage and saidabutment member serving to retain a blade within said passage.

4. As an article of manufacture, a blade retaining and guiding sectionfor pile wires, comprising a metallic member having a groove formed inand extending into the body of the member from the upper edge of themember, the groove having an overhanging wall at one end for receivingand retaining an end edge of a removable blade for the pile wire, thegroove being open at the end thereof opposite the overhanging wall, onesection of the groove wall being extended to provide a guide for thepile wire and having a shoulder formed therein, and a rigid abutmentmember permanently secured to said projection and located by placing itin contiguity to said shoulder andfspaced away from the other groovewall to form a passage therebetween for access to the groove end toinsert a blade into the groove.

5. A pile wire body formation comprising a pair of integrally formedopposed sections in juxtaposed relation to each other, an extension onone of said sections projecting beyond the other, substantially opposeddepressions bounded by shoulders formed on the juxtaposed surfaces ofsaid sections and on said extension and forming a slot open at one sideand at one end to receive a blade, and an abutment immovably positionedon said extension near the open end of said slot for preventing, incooperation with said shoulders, movement of the blade out of the slot,the location of said abutment being determined by positioning it againstsaid shoulders in the depression on said extension prior to fastening itin place.

MARCUS B. BEHRMAN.

